КРИЗА ВЛАДАВИНЕ ПРАВА У ЕВРОПСКОЈ УНИЈИ И МЕХАНИЗМИ ЗАШТИТЕ ОСНОВНИХ ВРЕДНОСТИ

Мср Олга Стевановић

Сажетак

Овај рад истражује надлежност Европске уније за решавање кризе владавине права, начин на који Европска унија одговара на ову кризу и успешност појединих механизама заштите ове основне вредности. У раду су анализирани различити погледи на надлежност Европске уније у решавању системске кризе владавине права, која је започела у Мађарској и Пољској и прети да се прошири и на друге државе чланице. Поред тога, указано је на проблем недостатка прецизне дефиниције основних вредности на којима се Европска унија заснива, превасходно владавине права, што додатно отежава бирање адекватног приступа решавању кризe. У раду су описани механизми заштите владавине права који постоје на институционалном нивоу, као и процедурални захтеви који умањују њихову делотворност.

Референце

1. Аврамовић Драгутин, „ʻОмекшавањем праваʼ ка међународној владавини права?“, Српска политичка мисао, број 2/2011, год. 18, vol. 32, стр. 263-288.
2. Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union, Official Journal of the European Union, C 326/391, 26 October 2012.
3. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: A new EU Framework to strengthen the Rule of Law, COM (2014) 158 final, Brussels, 11 March 2014.
4. Consolidated version of the Treaty on the European Union, Official Journal of the European Union, C 326/13, 26 October 2012.
5. Consolidated version of The Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, OJ EU, C 326/47, 26 October 2012.
6. Davies Christian, Hostile Takeover: How Law and Justice Captured Poland’s Courts, Freedom House, 2018, Internet, https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-reports/hostile-takeover-how-law-and-justice-captured-poland-s-courts, 04/09/2018.
7. EU centre-right bloc accused of sheltering Hungary’s Orbán, The Guardian, 2018, Internet, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/05/eu-centre-right-bloc-accused-of-sheltering-hungarys-orban, 30/08/2018.
8. Freedom in the World 2011: Hungary, Freedom House, Internet, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2011/hungary, 03/09/2018
9. Freedom in the World 2015: Poland, Freedom House, Internet, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2015/poland, 03/09/2018;
10. Freedom in the World 2018: Hungary, Freedom House, Internet, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/hungary, 03/09/2018.
11. Freedom in the World 2018: Poland, Freedom House, Internet, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/poland, 03/09/2018.
12. How EU can confront the ‘Copenhagen dilemma’, Democracy Digest, National Endowment for Democracy, 2016, Internet, https://www.demdigest.org/28437-2/, 03/09/2018.
13. Infringements proceedings, European Commission, Internet, https://ec.europa.eu/transport/media/media-corner/infringements-proceedings_en, 01/09/2018.
14. Judgment of The Court (Grand Chamber) of 25 July 2018, LM, C‑216/18 PPU, ECLI:EU:C:2018:586.
15. Kochenov Dimitry, Pech Laurent, “Better Late than Never? On the European Commission’s Rule of Law Framework and its First Activation”, Journal of Common Market Studies, Volume 54, Number 5, 2016, стр. 1062-1074.
16. Kornai János, “Shifting Away From Democracy – Hungary’s U-Turn”, Public Finance and Management, Volume 15, Number 3, стр. 172-202.
17. Matteo Salvini and Viktor Orbán to form anti-migration front, The Guardian, 2018, Internet, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/28/matteo-salvini-viktor-orban-anti-migrant-plan-brussels, 01/09/2018.
18. MEPs by Member State and political group: 8th parliamentary term, European Parliament, Internet, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/crosstable.html, 03/09/2018.
19. Michelot Martin, “How Can Europe Repair Breaches Of The Rule Of Law ?”, in: Europe, A Values-based Power, Policy Paper No. 221, Jacques Delors Institute, 4 April 2018, стр. 1-13.
20. Müller Jan-Werner, “Should the EU Protect Democracy and the Rule of Law inside Member States?”, European Law Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2, March 2015, стр. 141–160.
21. Oliver Peter, Stefanelli Justine, “Strengthening the Rule of Law in the EU: The Council’s Inaction”, Journal of Common Market Studies, Volume 54, Number 5, 2016, стр. 1075-1084.
22. Reasoned proposal in accordance with article 7(1) of the Treaty on European Union regarding the rule of law, COM (2017) 835 final, 2017/0360 (NLE), Brussels, 20. December 2017.
23. Rule of law concerns in member states: how the EU can act (infographic), Internet, 2018, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/eu-affairs/20180222STO98434/rule-of-law-concerns-in-poland-how-the-article-7-procedure-would-work, 15/08/2018.
24. Rule of law in Hungary: Parliament should ask Council to act, say committee MEPs, European Parliament, Internet, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20180625IPR06503/rule-of-law-in-hungary-parliament-should-ask-council-to-act-say-committee-meps, 04/09/2018.
25. Rule of Law: European Commission acts to defend judicial independence in Poland, European Commission, Press Release, Brussels, 2017, Internet, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-5367_EN.htm, 26/08/2018.
26. The WJP Rule of Law Index 2017–2018, World Justice Project, 2018, Internet, https://worldjusticeproject.org/sites/default/files/documents/WJP_ROLI_2017-18_Online-Edition.pdf, 05/09/2018.
27. Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1997.
28. Walker Christopher, Ludwig, Jessica, “From ‘Soft Power’ to ‘Sharp Power’” in: Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence, National Endowment for Democracy, 2017.