Social Problems as Constructs of Social Reality

Miroslav Brkić

Abstract

Social problems are perceived situations incompatible with the values of a significant number of people, which lead to negative social and economic consequences. Their basic characteristics are: that they are predominantly caused by social factors, mass, awareness of their existence and that they can be eliminated by social measures and interventions. The paper analyzes whether social problems are objective social facts that are not questionable or whether social constructs are based on perception, interiorization and cultural diversity. In particular, the influence of social constructivism on the relation of social workers and users, i.e. understanding of the nature of social needs, is pointed out. Social problems, become part of human reality through the processes of
externalization, objectification and internalization, which indicates that they can to a significant extent be considered social constructs. This can explain why some of the phenomena, which from the point of view of objective criteria represent social problems in some societies and they are perceived as such, unlike others. In this sense, social problems are not only “objective social facts”,
but also social artifacts, products of cultural, value and historical exchanges among people. By rejecting a linear approach in interpreting unsatisfied social needs and introducing the approach of “ignorance” of social workers, i.e. “subjectivity” expressed in the user’s perception of the problem, social constructivism emphasizes the approaches to empowerment, participation and involvement. Language as a social construction in the understanding and explanation of reality and processes in social work introduces terms of strength, resources, assessment and reflection

References

• Ajduković, M. (2008) ”Socijalni problemi, socijalni rizici i suvremeni socijalni rad”, in Revija za socijalnu politiku, 15(3), pp. 395-414.
• Anderson, H. (2009) ”Postmodern/social construction assumptions: Invitations for Collaborative Practices”. The Taos Institute Newsletter
• Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1992) ”Socijalna konstrukcija zbilje”. Zagreb: Naprijed.
• Brkić, M. (2010). Zastupanje u socijalnom radu. Beograd: Fakultet političkih nauka.
• Burr, V. (1995) ”An Introduction to Social Constructionism”. Routledge.
• Dirkem, E. (1961) ”Pravila sociološke metode”. Beograd: Vuk Karadžić.
• Gergen, K. J. (1985) ”The social constructionist movement in modern psychology”, in American Psychologist, 40(3), pp.266-275.
• Glasersfeld E. von (1995) ”Radical constructivism: A way of knowing and learning”. London: Falmer Press.
• Institut za javno zdravlje „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“. (2014). Rezultati istraživanja zdravlja stanovništva Srbije. Beograd: Ministarstvo zdravlja i Institut za javno zdravlje „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“..
• Kuhn T. (1974) ”Struktura naučnih revolucija”. Beograd: Nolit.
• McKinsey Global Institute. (2014) ”Overcoming obesity:An initial economic analysis”. McKinsey & Company.
• Milosavljević, M. (1998) ”Nasilje nad decom”. Beograd:Fakultet političkih nauka.
• Milosavljević, M. (2003) ”Devijacije i društvo”. Beograd: Draganić.
• Milosavljević, M. Brkić, M. (2010) ”Socijalni rad u zajednici”. Beograd: Republički zavod za socijalnu zaštitu..
• Mooney, L. A., Knox, D., & Schacht, C. (2006) ”Understanding social problems”. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
• Nacionalna služba za zapošljavanje. (2017) Mesečni statistički bilten – Oktobar. Beograd. Nacionalna služba za zapošljavanje.
• Parton, N. (2002) ”Postmodern and constructionist approach to social work”, in R. Adams, L. Dominelli & M. Payne (Eds.). Social work: Themes,issues and critical debates (pp. 237-246). Houndmills:Palgrave.
• Republički zavod za statistiku. (2016) ”Maloletni učinioci krivičnih dela – prijave, optuženje i osude”.  Beograd: Republički zavod za statistiku
• Republički zavod za statistiku. (2015). Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova 2011 godine. Beograd: Republički zavod za statistiku.
• Team for Social Protection and Poverty Reduction, (2015) ”Siromaštvo u Srbiji u 2014. godini”. Beograd
• Vujaklija, M. (1980) ”Leksikon stranih reči i izraza”. Beograd: Prosveta.
• Vidanović, I. (2006) ”Rečnik socijalnog rada”. Beograd: Autorsko izdanje.
• World Health Organization, (2016) Obesity and overweight, Fact sheet.  http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ – 22.08.2018.