САДРЖАЈ
ЕВРОСКЕПТИЦИЗАМ У СРБИЈИ И ФРАНЦУСКОЈ – СЛИЧНОСТИ И РАЗЛИКЕ
Сажетак
Euroscepticism is a heterogeneous and dynamic phenomenon. National, cultural, political and economic reasons are the main source of mistrust and reluctance towards the EU. It should be emphasized that the experience and interpretation of the phenomenon is different from the perspective of Member States and Candidate States, (Euroscepticism of Member States is associated with the historical development of the EU; Euroscepticism of Candidate States is far more complex). The aim of this article is to compare these two kinds of Euroscepticism-using the example of France as Member State and Serbia as Candidate State.The gradual increase of Euroscepticism is caused by: deepening of integration and the progressive extension of competencies (Maastricht, Amsterdam. Nice, the Constitutional Treaty, the Treaty of Lisbon); expanding the number of Member States (from the initial 6 to 28); referendums (negative outcome of the referendums in Denmark – Maastricht, Ireland – Nice, the Treaty of Lisbon, France, the Netherlands – the Constitutional Treaty, Brexit); the economic crisis that began in 2008, crisis of euro, increased number of refugees and migrants from Asia and Africa from 2013 onwards.
Euroscepticism in Serbia has many causes. Some of them are in common with those already mentioned but there are some additional. First and most obvious is Euroscepticism caused by preaccession strategy. Discontent in Candidate States has been created due to long-term negotiations and conditionality policy. The gap between the high motivation of these states wishing to become EU member state and reality, contributes to increasing euroscepticism. In post-communist countries that have recently become Member States (or are currently in the process of negotiating such as Serbia), Euroscepticism did not originate from the existence of one or two political parties that oppose the entrance into the EU, but fostering so called „popular Euroscepticism“. The main reason for popular Euroscepticism is that EU is occupied with many issues related to its future – the consequence is that enlargement issue is not on the list of the EU’s priorities. Many studies dealing with the topic of EU membership show that citizens of Serbia are not in favor of the Union membership. One of its negative attitudes about the EU is primarily that citizens are either poorly informed or not informed at all about how EU works.
Euroscepticism in France recorded an obvious growth in recent decades. There is an agreement that French „no” on the referendum in 2005 indicates the beginning of a new phase of Euroscepticism in France, although it would not be wrong to claim that there was „mistrust” towards the European Union before that. Euroscepticism gradually played an important role in French internal politics, especially in the years that followed the referendum. National front is the main eurosceptical party in France, with growing support among French citizens. The future of Euroscepticism in France to some extent will depend on the way that the EU is moving in the future. Also, the change of the political and economic situation in France is likely to affect the future of the National Front and its reach in the French political life. Both for the Serbia and France, it is important to take into account all sources of Euroscepticism in order to influence the rational perception of the EU, which is possible only with the continuous dissemination of information on the functioning of the EU.
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