Изабери језик:
Тема броја

ОГЛЕДИ И СТУДИЈЕ

МЕЂУНАРОДНО ОБРАЗОВАЊЕ И ДИПЛОМАТИЈA: ШКОЛОВАЊЕ СРПСКИХ СТУДЕНАТА СТИПЕНДИСТА У ИНОСТРАНСТВУ У 21. ВЕКУ

Сажетак

Школовање студената (стипендиста) у иностранству кроз српску историју је замишљено као кључни фактор који доприноси развоју земље порекла након завршетка школовања. Сходно потребама друштва, креатори образовних политика у земљи порекла доносили су прописе и мере које су подстицале српске студенте да се школују у иностранству, али и да се после школовања врате у матичну земљу како би својим знањем и контактима допринели друштвеном, економском, научном и културном развоју Србије. Ова традиција је кроз српску историју одржана, па и данас имамо Владине стипендисте који се школују на престижним универзитетима у свету. Како је ова тема недовољно истражена и мало заступљена у научним круговима у Србији, добили смо подстрек за ово истраживање. Анализа садржаја доступних докумената, правилника, омогућава да сагледамо начин школовања српских стипендиста у иностранству у 21. веку. Са друге стране, добијени подаци од представника „Фонда за младе таленте Републике Србије-Доситеја“ омогућавају да статистички сагледамо податке који се односе на српске студенте стипендисте који су се школовали у иностранству у периоду од 2008-2022. године. На основу добијених података може се стећи слика о профилу студената – стипендиста Владе РС „Фонда Доситеја” који се школују у иностранству данас. Овај рад даје и теоријски допринос истраживањима која анализирају значај међународне мобилности и меке дипломатије. Закључак истраживања јесте да иако је повратак у матичну земљу (Србију) (пред)услов за добијање Владине стипендије, добијени подаци указују да, за разлику од раније праксе током 19. и 20. века када су се српски студенти враћали у матицу, данас имамо скроз другачију праксу.

кључне речи:

Референце

    Ayhan, Kadir Jun, Moamen Gouda, and Hyelim  Lee [Ayhan]. 2022. “Exploring Global Korea Scholarship as a Public Diplomacy Tool.” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 57 (4): 872– 893. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096211035800

    Apsite-Berina, Elina, Liga Daniela, Robate, Maris, Berzins, Girts, Burgmanis and Zaiga, Krisjane, Zaiga [Apsite-Berina et al.] 2023. International student mobility to non-traditional destination countries: evidence from a host country.” Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 72 (2): 133-146

    Arhiv Jugoslavije [AJ], MPKSHSOS, Fond, 66, F.127, J.401. „Uporedni podaci o broju studenata na 100.000 stanovnika za date zemlje 1965. godine”

    Arhiv Jugoslavije [AJ], SSOK, Fond 319, F. 59, J.75, „Ministarstvo Prosvete Kraljevine Srba Hrvata i Slovenaca, Opšte odeljenje P. br. 435.”, Beograd, 20. februar 1922.

    Batalova, Jeanne,  Andriy Shymonyak and Guntur Sugiyarto. 2017. “Firing Up Regional Brain Networks: The Promise of Brain Circulation in the ASEAN Economic Community.” Asian Development Bank.

    Barthelt, Franziska, Diana Meschter, Friederike Meyer zu Schwabedissen and Andreas Pott. [Barthelt et al]. 2015. “Internationale Studierende – aktuelle Entwicklungen und Potenziale der globalen Bildungsmigration, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung.”, online:http://www.bpb.de/ gesellschaft/migration/kurzdossiers/212090/internationale-studierende [17.07.2023].

    Bislev, Ane. 2017. “Student-to-Student Diplomacy: Chinese International Students as a Soft-Power Tool.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 46 (2): 81–109.

    Bondžić, Dragomir. 2010. „Naučna saradnja Jugoslavije i Sovjetskog Saveza: 1944–1947”. U: Oslobođenje Beograda 1944, (prir.), Aleksandar Životić, str. 357-381. Beograd: Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije.

    Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. “The forms of capital.” In: Handbook of Theory and Research for Sociology of Education, ed. by J. Richardson, pp. 241-258. New York: Greenwood.

    Brooks, Rachel and Johanna Waters. 2021. „International students and alternative visions of diaspora“. British Journal of Educational Studies 69 (5): 557-577.

    Caldwell, Elizabeth Frances, and Denis Hyams-Ssekasi. 2016. “Leaving Home: The Challenges of Black-African International Students Prior to Studying Overseas.” Journal of International Students 6 (2): 588-613.

    Czaika, Mathias, Hein de Haas, and Maria Villares-Varela. 2018. “The Global Evolution of Travel Visa Regimes.” Population and Development review 44 (3): 589-622.

     Collins, Francis, Leo, Chong Ho Kong, Mayumi Ishikawa, and, Ai-Hsuan Sandra Ma. [Collins et al.]. 2017. “International Student Mobility and After-Study Lives: The Portability and Prospects of Overseas Education in Asia.” Population, Space and Place 23 (4): e2029. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2029.

    Dustmann, Christian. 1999. “Temporary Migration, Human Capital, and Language Fluency of Migrants.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell 101 (2): 297-314.

     Enfield, Sue. 2019. Evidence of soft power created via scholarship K4D Helpdesk Report. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies.

    Fielden, John. 2007. “Global horizons for UK universities.” London, UK: The Council for Industry and Higher Education.

    Filipović, Jovan. 2011. “Management of  Diaspora Virtual Universityas a Complex Organization – Serbian Diaspora Virtual University: An Emerging Leadership of a Nation.” Doktorska disertacija. University of Ljubljana.

    Fond za mlade talente Republike Srbije. n. d. a. Poslednji pristup 09. 12. 2023. https://fondzamladetalente.gov.rs/cyr/%d0%be%d1%84%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%b4%d1%83/

    Fond za mlade talente Republike Srbije. n. d. b. Poslednji pristup 09.12. 2023. https://fondzamladetalente.gov.rs/

    Fond za mlade talente. n. d. c. Statistički podaci o stranim studentima u inostranstvu (2008-2022. godina), dobijeni putem e-maila od Fonda za mlade talente, dana 17.02.2023. godine na upit direktora Instituta društvenih nauka za potrebe autorke.

    Grečić, Vladimir. 1992. Ekonomski aspekti egzodusa naučnika i visokoobrazovanih kadrova. Beograd: SANU.

    Grečić, Vladimir. 2013. The Serbian Academic Diaspora. Belgrade : Institute of International Politics and Economics.

    Grečić, Vladimir. 2019. Srpska stvaralačka inteligencija u rasejanju: nužnost saradnje matične države i dijaspore. Novi Sad: Matica srpska.

    Hong, Natalie Yan. 2014. “EU-China Education Diplomacy: An Ef-fective Soft Power Strategy?”, European Foreign Affairs Review, 19 (3): 155–172.

    International Education Data and Research. n. d. Poslednji pristup 11.03.2024. https://www.education.gov.au/international-education-data-and research/international-student-numbers-country-state-and-territory

    Kahanec, Martin, and Renata Kralikova. 2011. “Pulls of International Student Mobility.” IZA Discussion Paper 6233. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1977819

    King, Russell. 2000. “Generalizations from the history of return migration.” In: Return migration: Journey of hope or despair?, ed. by B. Ghosh (pp.7–55). Geneva: United Nations and the IOM

    Kirkland, John. 2018. “Case Study: Balancing Change and Continuity—The Case of the Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan.” In: International Scholarships in Higher Education, ed. by J.R. Dassin et al., 147-160, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-62734-2_8.

    Kolaković, Aleksandra. 2023. The role of France in strengthening science in Serbia and the Western Balkans: Between scientific cooperation and science diplomacy. Srpska politička misao, 82 (4): 11-39

    Kent, Anna. 2018. Recent Trends in International Scholarships. In: International Scholarships in Higher Education, ed. by J. Dassin, R. Marsh, M. Mawer, pp. 23-42. Palgrave Macmillan: Cham. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-62734-2_2

    Lanati, Mauro, and Rainer Thiele. 2020. “Aid for health, economic growth, and the emigration of medical workers.” European University Institute.

    Larsen, Marianne. 2016. Internationalization of higher education: An analysis through spatial, networks, and mobilities theories. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Lostetter, Elizabeth Nora. 2010. “Gender differences in srudents’ experiences of study abroad.” Master thesis. University of Oregon: Department of International Studies and the Graduate School.

    Liu, Meng, and Le Ha Phan. 2021. ““We have no Chinese classmates’: International students, internationalization, and medium of instruction in Chinese universities“ . Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 44 (2): 180–207.

    Luo, Jiali, and David Jamieson-Drake. 2015. “Predictors of Study Abroad Intent, Participation, and College Outcomes.” Research in Higher Education 56 (1): 29-56.

    Lima, Antonio F de. 2007. The role of international educational exchanges in public diplomacy. Place Brand Public Diplomacy, 3: 234–251

    Mawer, Matt. 2018. “Magnitudes of Impact: A Three-Level Review of Evidence from Scholarship Evaluation.” In: International Scholarships in Higher Education (pp. 3–21), ed. by J. R. Dassin et al. Palgrave MacMillan. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-62734-2_13

    Maeva, Mila, Magdalena Slavkova, Plamena Stoyanova, and Mina Hristova [Maeva et. al]. 2021. Between the Worlds: Migrants, Margins, and Social Environment. Vol. 3. Sofia: IEFSEM – BAS & Paradigma, URL:https://conferenceworlds.wordpress.com/publications

    Metzgar, Emily. 2016. “Institutions of Higher Education as Public Diplomacy Tools: China-Based University Programs for the 21st Century.”, Journal of Studies in International Education, 20 (3), 223–241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315315604718

    McKeown, Joshua, Luz Celaya, and Heather Ward. 2020. “Academic development, The impact of education abroad on students as learners.” In: Education Abroad, ed by. Ogden et al., 77-91. London: Routledge.

    McCliry, Jonathan. 2019. “The Soft Power 30: A Global Ranking of Soft Power.” Retrieved from:chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj, https://portland-communications.com/pdf. The-Soft-Power_30.pdf.

    Netz, Nicolai, Daniel Klasik, Steve Entrich, and Michelle Carmel Barker [Netz et al.] 2020. “Socio-demographics. A global overview of inequalities in education abroad participation.” In: Education Abroad: Bridging Scholarship and Practice, ed by. Ogden et al., 28-42. New York: Routledge.

    Nye, Joseph. 2004. “Soft Power and Higher Education.” In: The Internet and the University: 2004 Forum, 33–60.

    Netz, Nicolai. 2015. What deters students from studying abroad? Evidence from four European countries and its implications for higher education policy. Higher Education Policy, 28 (2): 151–174.

    Ogden, Аnthony, Berhand Streitwieser, and Christof Von Mol. 2021. Education abroad: Bridging scholarship and practice. New York: Routledge.

    Odluka o obrazovanju Fonda za mlade talente Republike Srbije, „Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 71/2008, 44/2009, 37/2011, 19/2012, 86/2012, 102/2012, 56/2013, 87/2013, 64/2014, 114/2014, 59/2015, 80/2016, 101/2016, 115/2017, 50/2018, 54/2018, 84/2018, 84/2019, 140/2020, 104/2021, 125/2021, 127/2022 i 13/2023

    Özkan, Abdullah. 2015. Strategic Practices of Public Diplomacy Policies in Educational Field and Turkey’s Potential for Cultural Diplomacy, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176: 35 – 43.

    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. 2012. “Education at a Glance 2012.” OECD Indicators. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. 2013. “Education at a Glance 2013.” OECD Indicators. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

    Paradise, James. 2012. International Education: Diplomacy in China. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 19 (1): 195–205.

    Perišić, Miroslav. 2012. Od Staljina ka Sartru: formiranje jugoslovenske na evropskim univerzitetima: 1945-1958. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike.

    Phan, Le Ha. 2023. “Academic Diaspora, Transnational Education-Driven Mobilities, and the ]Nation State.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education.

    Rogač Mijatović, Ljiljana. 2014. Kulturna diplomatija i identitet Srbije. Beograd: Institut za pozorište, film, radio i televiziju, CLIO.

    Di Pietro, Giorgio, and Lionel Page. 2008. “Who studies abroad? Evidence from France and Italy.” European Journal of Education, 43 (3): 389–398.

    Di Pietro, Giorgio. 2020. “Changes in socioeconomic inequality in access to study abroad programs: A cross-country analysis.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, (66): 100465.

    Pisarevskaya, Asya, Nathan Levy, Peter Scholten, and Joost Jansen. 2020. Migration Studies, 8 (3): 455–481

    Riano, Yvonne, and Etienne P. Piguet. 2016. International student migrantion-an annotated review. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Roy, Achinto, Alexander Newman, Tori Ellenberger, and Amanda Pyman. [Roy et al.] 2019. “Outcomes of international student mobility programs: A systematic review and agenda for future research.” Studies in Higher Education, 44 (9): 1630–1644.

    Ministarstvo sporta Republike Srbije. n. d. Poslednji pristup 20.12.2023. https://www.mos.gov.rs/usluge-koje-ministarstvo-pruza-zainteresovanim-licima/stipendiranje-i-nagradjivanje-mladih-talenata?lang=lat

    Sachverständigenrat deutscher Stiftungen für Integration und Migration [SVR]. 2012. “Mobile Talente? Ein Vergleich der Bleibeabsichten internationaler Studierender in fünf Staaten der Europäischen Union.”. Poslednji pristup 11.03. 2024. http:// www. svr- migration. de/ conte nt/ wp- conte nt/ uploa ds/ 2012/04/Studie_SVR-FB_Mobile_Talente.pdf [11.03.2024]

    Trgovčević, Ljubinka. 2003. Planirana elita: o studentima iz Srbije na evropskim univerzitetima u 19. veku. Beograd. Istorijski institut.

    Vasojević, Nena, and Mirko Filipović. 2017. “Medical students, beneficiaries of the state scholarships of the Republic of Serbia, and their education in the 21st century: The possibility of improvement.” Sociologija 59 (2): 189‒205.

    Vasojević, Nena. 2019. „Primena ljudskih reusrsa: Uticaj stipendista koji su se školovali u inostranstvu na razvoj Srbije.” Doktorska disertacija. Univerzitet u Beogradu: Studije pri Univerzitetu u Beogradu.

    Vasojević, Nena. 2022. “International students, beneficiaries of the state scholarships of the Republic of Serbia and their education in the 21st century.” Sociološki pregled, 56 (3): 904-928.

    Vaxevanidou, Maria. 2018. Education as public diplomacy: How to build on international image in education, Journal of Media Critique, 4 (14), 55-70.

    Vesković-Anđelković, Milica i Nena Vasojević. 2023. „(Re)konstrukcija identiteta visokoobrazovanih povratnika: Slučaj Srbija.” Sociološki pregled 57 (4): 1074-1098.

    Waters, Johanna, and Rachel Brooks. 2021. “Student migrants and contemporary educational mobilities.” Springer, 1-19.

    Xiaoli JingR. GhoshSun Zhaohui and Liu Qiang. [Xiaoli Jing, et. al]. 2020. “Mapping global research related to international students: a scientometric review.” Higher Education 80: 415–433

СРПСКА ПОЛИТИЧКА МИСАО 2/2024 2/2024 УДК 378.18(=861)(100)"20" 127-154