ПРЕОБЛИКОВАЊЕ ОДРЕДБИ АХТИСАРИЈЕВОГ ПЛАНА: КУЛТУРНО И ВЕРСКО НАСЛЕЂЕ И ПОСТКОНФЛИКТНИ СПОРАЗУМ БЕОГРАДА И ПРИШТИНЕ

Стефан Сурлић

Игор Новаковић

Сажетак

Рад идентификује механизме заштите српског верског и културног наслеђа на Косову дефинисане Ахтисаријевим планом и анализира њихову досадашњу примену. Аутори имају за циљ да укажу на то да статус српског културног наслеђа на Косову укључује али и надилази питања заштите, очувања и неометане употребе у верским обредима. Културно наслеђе има дубоко политички контекст, који је до сада био занемарен у српско-албанским односима, са уверењем да ће шири споразум о статусу релативизовати питања културе и идентитета. У првом делу анализа даје свеобухватан преглед правних гаранција и искуства у њиховој примени, детаљно се бави примерима злоупотребе и непоштовања усвојеног нормативног оквира, критиком „посебног“ статуса за српско наслеђе и отвореним споровима између Српске православне цркве (СПЦ) и власти у Приштини. Кључни налаз анализе је да садашње уставне и законске гаранције не могу бити трајне и ефикасне у потпуној заштити српског културног наслеђа на Косову, као и да постоји дугогодишњи јаз између прописаних норми и њихове примене у пракси. У другом делу, текст даје упоредни преглед посебних статуса светих места у Европи. Будући да се екстериторијални статус често помиње као коначни модел за српско верско и културно наслеђе, рад је покушао да понуди и неколико модела територијалних решења за мање јединице, у облику енклава, екстериторијалности и кондоминијума. На крају, аутори врше преглед досадашње литературе посвећене културном наслеђу у постконфликтном периоду и указују на одсуство универзалног нормативног оквира и механизама заштите упркос развоју различитих међународних инструмената.

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